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I can generally easily identify a plant hardiness zone 3 climate by the mixture of Spruce, Fir, Pine, Hemlock, Birch, Tamarack, and other related varieties of trees.
True. It looks like a lot of plant distribution is as much of competitive limitations as it is any physical intolerance of the given climate.
Yep, particularly with undergrowth - plenty of discussions surrounding trees and their hardiness, but undergrowth and it's impact on bigger species is often overlooked.