Alfred-Almond Junior-Senior High School in Almond, NY
(07-12 • Public • Regular School)
- Address
- 6795 RT 21
Almond, NY 14804
- Telephone
- (607) 276-6559
(make sure to verify first before calling)
- Website
- http://www.aacs.wnyric.org
- City-data.com school rating
- 68
- Students
- 298
- Classroom Teachers (FTE)
- 25.3
- National School Lunch
Program (NSLP) Status - No
- Free lunch eligible students
- 92
- Reduced-price lunch
eligible students - 15
- School district
- ALFRED-ALMOND CENTRAL SCHOOL DISTRICT
- Charter school
- No
- Title I status
- Title I targeted assistance school
- Magnet School Indicator
- No
- Shared Time Indicator
- No
- Adult education offered
- No
Ratings
Alfred-Almond Junior-Senior High School: | 68 |
ALFRED-ALMOND ELEMENTARY SCHOOL (0.1 miles): | 62 |
ARKPORT CENTRAL SCHOOL (7.6 miles): | 61 |
HORNELL SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL (5.2 miles): | 56 |
CANISTEO-GREENWOOD ELEMENTARY/MIDDLE SCHOOL (7.4 miles): | 44 |
HORNELL INTERMEDIATE SCHOOL (5.0 miles): | 22 |
HORNELL JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL (5.2 miles): | 17 |
NORTH HORNELL SCHOOL (5.9 miles): | 13 |
BRYANT SCHOOL (5.4 miles): | 13 |
New York: | 50 |
Allegany County: | 45 |
Almond: | 65 |
Alfred-Almond Junior-Senior High: | 68 |
Students & Teachers
Total enrollment:
Enrollment in 2015: 309
Enrollment in 2014: 310
Enrollment in 2013: 315
Enrollment in 2012: 297
Enrollment in 2011: 302
Enrollment in 2010: 301
Enrollment in 2009: 315
Enrollment in 2008: 329
Enrollment in 2007: 328
Enrollment in 2006: 337
Enrollment in 2005: 360
Enrollment in 2004: 376
Enrollment in 2003: 364
Enrollment in 2002: 351
Enrollment in 2001: 368
Enrollment in 2000: 377
Enrollment in 1999: 362
Enrollment by grade, gender and race:
(Note: Details may not add to totals. School year: 2015-2016)
Grade | G07 | G08 | G09 | G10 | G11 | G12 | UG | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All students | 48 | 52 | 47 | 52 | 44 | 52 | 3 | 298 |
Female students | 21 | 29 | 24 | 30 | 15 | 26 | 1 | 146 |
Male students | 27 | 23 | 23 | 22 | 29 | 26 | 2 | 152 |
Asian students | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | - | 13 |
Hispanic students | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | 1 |
White students | 45 | 49 | 45 | 49 | 42 | 49 | 3 | 282 |
Two or More Races students | - | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | - | 2 |
Enrollment by grade:
8th grade enrollment: 52
9th grade enrollment: 47
10th grade enrollment: 52
11th grade enrollment: 44
12th grade enrollment: 52
Ungraded enrollment: 3
Alfred-Almond Junior-Senior High School - Historical enrollment by grade
Enrollment by gender:
(State average from 6,131 schools)
Alfred-Almond Junior-Senior High School: | 49.0% |
State: | 51.1% |
Alfred-Almond Junior-Senior High School: | 51.0% |
State: | 47.5% |
Alfred-Almond Junior-Senior High School - Historical enrollment by gender
Enrollment by race/ethnicity:
(State average from 1,352 schools)
School: | 4.4% |
State: | 4.6% |
School: | 0.3% |
New York: | 9.2% |
School: | 94.6% |
New York: | 55.1% |
School: | 0.7% |
New York: | 2.9% |
Alfred-Almond Junior-Senior High School - Historical enrollment by race/ethnicity
Lunch Program Eligibility:
(State average from 4,921 schools)
Here: | 35.9% |
New York: | 52.7% |
School: | 30.9% |
State: | 45.4% |
School: | 5.0% |
State: | 4.8% |
Alfred-Almond Junior-Senior High School - Lunch Program Eligibility
Average Class Size:
- Grade 8 English: 15
- Grade 8 Mathematics: 15
- Grade 8 Social Studies: 16
- Grade 10 English: 17
- Grade 10 Mathematics: 17
- Grade 10 Social Studies: 16
Teachers and support:
Number of FTE teachers in their first year of teaching: 6
Number of FTE teachers in their second year of teaching: 2
Number of FTE school counselors: 2
Number of FTE teachers who were absent more than 10 school days during the school years: 12
Number of FTE nurses: 1
Number of FTE psychologists: 1
Student/Teacher Ratio
Here: | 11.8 |
New York: | 14.0 |
Number of teachers with fewer than three years of teaching experience: 5
Total number of classes taught: 120
Number of classes taught by teachers without appropriate certification: 3
Number of full-time principals: 1
Number of full-time assistant principals: 1
Number of full-time professional staff other than teachers, principals, and asst principals: 5
Alfred-Almond Junior-Senior High School - Teachers (FTE) and pupil/teacher ratio
School Expenditures:
- Full-time Equivalency Count of Teachers: 25.3 (Salary Expenditures: $1,417,064)
- Full-time Equivalency Count of Instructional Aides: 2 (Salary Expenditures: $54,100)
- Full-time Equivalency Count of Support Services Staff: 0.8 (Salary Expenditures: $50,436)
- Full-time Equivalency Count of School Administration Staff: 1.5 (Salary Expenditures: $163,427)
- Salary Expenditures for Teachers: $1,417,064
- Full-time Equivalency Count of Instructional Aides: 2 (Salary Expenditures: $54,100)
- Full-time Equivalency Count of Support Services Staff: 0.8 (Salary Expenditures: $50,436)
- Full-time Equivalency Count of School Administration Staff: 1.5 (Salary Expenditures: $163,427)
Students with disabilities:
Students with Disabilities (Section 504 only): Students with a disability, who receive related aids and services solely under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended, and not under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). The "Section 504 only" column in the survey items always refers to students with disabilities who receive related aids and services under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended, and not under IDEA.
- White: 83 (male: 58, female: 25)
Students with disabilities served under Section 504: 27 (male: 19, female: 8)
- Asian: 2 (all male)
- White: 25 (male: 17, female: 8)
Retention:
(State average from 348 schools)
- White: 2
Percent of 7th grade students retained
Alfred-Almond Junior-Senior High School: | 4.2% |
New York: | 5.1% |
Total number of students retained in 10th grade: 2 (all male)
- White: 2
- Section 504: 2
Percent of 10th grade students retained
Alfred-Almond Junior-Senior High School: | 3.8% |
State: | 8.8% |
Gifted and Talented:
(State average from 386 schools)
Gifted/talented programs are programs during regular school hours that provide special educational opportunities including accelerated promotion through grades and classes and an enriched curriculum for students who are endowed with a high degree of mental ability or who demonstrate unusual physical coordination, creativity, interest, or talent.
- Asian: 2 (all male)
- White: 25 (male: 11, female: 14)
Gifted and Talented Student Enrollment per 1,000 students
Here: | 90.6 |
State: | 106.8 |
Statewide Student Assessments
Grades 3-8 New York State Testing Program Assessments:
(State average from 1,457 schools)
- All312
- Males301
- Females325
- IDEA289
ELA Mean Score (7th Grade)
Computed mean of student ELA scores: 312
ELA Students scoring proficient and above: | 43% |
State: | 39% |
Students scoring at Level 1: 18%
Students scoring at Level 2: 40%
Students scoring at Level 3: 27%
Students scoring at Level 4: 16%
- All303
- Males294
- Females314
- IDEA258
MATH Mean Score (7th Grade)
Computed mean of student Math scores: 303
Math Students scoring proficient and above: | 40% |
State: | 34% |
Students scoring at Level 1: 31%
Students scoring at Level 2: 29%
Students scoring at Level 3: 33%
Students scoring at Level 4: 7%
8th Grade:
- All326
- Males317
- Females336
ELA Mean Score (8th Grade)
Computed mean of student ELA scores: 326
ELA Students scoring proficient and above: | 78% |
New York: | 43% |
Students scoring at Level 1: 9%
Students scoring at Level 2: 13%
Students scoring at Level 3: 53%
Students scoring at Level 4: 25%
- All305
- Males292
- Females320
MATH Mean Score (8th Grade)
Computed mean of student Math scores: 305
Math Students scoring proficient and above: | 40% |
New York: | 18% |
Students scoring at Level 1: 22%
Students scoring at Level 2: 38%
Students scoring at Level 3: 31%
Students scoring at Level 4: 9%
- All77
- Males73
- Females82
SCI Mean Score (8th Grade)
Computed mean of student Science scores: 77
Science Students scoring proficient and above: | 81% |
State: | 57% |
Students scoring at Level 1: 3%
Students scoring at Level 2: 16%
Students scoring at Level 3: 52%
Students scoring at Level 4: 29%
Regents Examination:
(State average from 2,072 schools)
Alfred-Almond Junior-Senior High School - % Scroring 55 and above in Regents Examination
- All95%
- Males94%
- Females96%
Scoring 55 and above
(Geometry)
Number of students tested scoring Level 1 (0-54): 2 (5%)
Number of students tested scoring Level 2 (55-64): 6 (16%)
Number of students tested scoring Level 3 (65-78): 14 (38%)
Number of students tested scoring Level 4 (79-84): 4 (11%)
Number of students tested scoring Level 5 (85-100): 11 (30%)
Percentage of students scoring 55 and above: | 95% |
State: | 79% |
Integrated Algebra (Common Core):
- All99%
- Males99%
- Females100%
- IDEA100%
Scoring 55 and above
(Integrated Algebra)
Number of students tested scoring Level 2 (55-64): 5 (10%)
Number of students tested scoring Level 3 (65-78): 14 (27%)
Number of students tested scoring Level 4 (79-84): 15 (29%)
Number of students tested scoring Level 5 (85-100): 17 (33%)
Percentage of students scoring 55 and above: | 99% |
State: | 93% |
Algebra II (Common Core):
- All90%
- Males77%
- Females100%
Scoring 55 and above
(Algebra II)
Number of students tested scoring Level 1 (0-54): 3 (10%)
Number of students tested scoring Level 3 (65-78): 19 (66%)
Number of students tested scoring Level 4 (79-84): 6 (21%)
Number of students tested scoring Level 5 (85-100): 1 (3%)
Percentage of students scoring 55 and above: | 90% |
New York: | 87% |
Comprehensive English (Common Core):
- All95%
- Males101%
- Females93%
Scoring 55 and above
(Comprehensive English)
Number of students tested scoring Level 1 (0-54): 2 (4%)
Number of students tested scoring Level 2 (55-64): 1 (2%)
Number of students tested scoring Level 3 (65-78): 5 (11%)
Number of students tested scoring Level 4 (79-84): 5 (11%)
Number of students tested scoring Level 5 (85-100): 32 (71%)
Percentage of students scoring 55 and above: | 95% |
State: | 89% |
Outcomes
High School Completers:
Regents Diploma - Requires a student pass a minimum of 5 Regents examinations in addition to meeting course and credit requirements.
Regents with Advanced Designation - Requires a student pass a minimum of 8 Regents examinations in addition to meeting course and credit requirements.
Local Diploma - Can only be obtained by students with disabilities with an individualized education program or section 504 Accommodation Plan.
Alfred-Almond Junior-Senior High School - High School Completers
- All89%
- Males84%
- Females96%
- IDEA50%
Graduation Rate - 6 Year Outcome
All students
Number of Completers (graduates + commencement credentials): 43
└─ Number of Graduates (Regents + Local Diplomas): 42
└─ Number of students who earned a Regents diploma: 42 (100% of Graduates)
└─ Number of students who earned a Regents diploma with advanced designation: 21 (50% of Graduates)
└─ Number of students who earned a Regents diploma with CTE endorsement: 13 (31% of Graduates)
└─ Number of students who earned a commencement credential: 1 (2% of Completers)
- All96%
- Males96%
- Females96%
- IDEA60%
Graduation Rate - 5 Year Outcome
All students
Number of Completers (graduates + commencement credentials): 36
└─ Number of Graduates (Regents + Local Diplomas): 36
└─ Number of students who earned a Regents diploma: 36 (100% of Graduates)
└─ Number of students who earned a Regents diploma with advanced designation: 18 (50% of Graduates)
└─ Number of students who earned a Regents diploma with CTE endorsement: 10 (28% of Graduates)
- All95%
- Males96%
- Females93%
- IDEA86%
Graduation Rate - 4 Year Outcome
All students
Number of Completers (graduates + commencement credentials): 7
└─ Number of Graduates (Regents + Local Diplomas): 6
└─ Number of students who earned a Regents diploma: 6 (100% of Graduates)
└─ Number of students who earned a Regents diploma with advanced designation: 3 (50% of Graduates)
└─ Number of students who earned a Regents diploma with CTE endorsement: 3 (50% of Graduates)
└─ Number of students who earned a commencement credential: 1 (14% of Completers)
High School Non-completers:
(State average from 1,447 schools)
Alfred-Almond Junior-Senior High School - High School Non-completers
Number enrolled in grades 9-12 (and ungraded age 14 or older) as of BEDS day: 207
Number of non-completers: 4
└─ Number of students who dropped out: 4
Percent of non-completers: | 2.0% |
New York: | 10.3% |
General Education:
Number enrolled in grades 9-12 (and ungraded age 14 or older) as of BEDS day: 184
Number of non-completers: 3
└─ Number of students who dropped out: 3
Percent of non-completers: | 2.0% |
New York: | 4.9% |
Students with Disabilities:
Number enrolled in grades 9-12 (and ungraded age 14 or older) as of BEDS day: 23
Number of non-completers: 1
└─ Number of students who dropped out: 1
Percent of non-completers: | 4.0% |
New York: | 7.8% |
Post-graduation Plans of Completers:
Alfred-Almond Junior-Senior High School - Post-graduation Plans of Completers
Total number of students reported with graduation plan: 43
└─ Graduates who planned to enroll in four-year colleges: 20 (47%)
└─ Graduates who planned to enroll in two-year colleges: 18 (42%)
└─ Graduates who planned to enlist in the military: 2 (5%)
└─ Graduates who planned to pursue employment: 2 (5%)
└─ Graduates whose status is unknown : 1 (2%)
General Education:
Total number of students reported with graduation plan: 36
└─ Graduates who planned to enroll in four-year colleges: 19 (53%)
└─ Graduates who planned to enroll in two-year colleges: 16 (44%)
└─ Graduates who planned to pursue employment: 1 (3%)
Students with Disabilities:
Total number of students reported with graduation plan: 7
└─ Graduates who planned to enroll in four-year colleges: 1 (14%)
└─ Graduates who planned to enroll in two-year colleges: 2 (29%)
└─ Graduates who planned to enlist in the military: 2 (29%)
└─ Graduates who planned to pursue employment: 1 (14%)
└─ Graduates whose status is unknown : 1 (14%)
Accountability
Adequate Yearly Progress:
(State average from 3,754 schools)
Made AYP: Yes
Met the participation criterion: Yes
Met the performance criterion: Yes
Students enrolled during the test administration period: 42
Percent of enrolled students with valid test scores: 100%
Performance Index (PI): | 159 |
New York: | 126 |
High School ELA:
Made AYP: Yes
Met the participation criterion: Yes
Met the performance criterion: Yes
Students enrolled during the test administration period: 42
Percent of enrolled students with valid test scores: 100%
Performance Index (PI): | 185 |
New York: | 151 |
Elementary/Middle-Level Science:
Made AYP: No
Met the participation criterion: No
Met the performance criterion: Yes
Students enrolled during the test administration period: 97
Percent of enrolled students with valid test scores: 75%
Performance Index (PI): | 177 |
State: | 174 |
Elementary/Middle-Level Math:
- All115
- Males100
- Females133
- White114
Elementary/Middle-Level Math - Performance Index (PI)
Met the participation criterion: No
Met the performance criterion: Yes
Students enrolled during the test administration period: 200
Percent of enrolled students with valid test scores: 75%
Performance Index (PI): | 115 |
State: | 114 |
Elementary/Middle-Level ELA:
- All143
- Males121
- Females168
- White141
Elementary/Middle-Level ELA - Performance Index (PI)
Met the participation criterion: No
Met the performance criterion: Yes
Students enrolled during the test administration period: 200
Percent of enrolled students with valid test scores: 78%
Performance Index (PI): | 143 |
New York: | 113 |
5-Year Graduation Rate:
- All91%
- Males87%
- White91%
5-Year Graduation Rate
Met graduation rate criteria: Yes
Students enrolled during the test administration period: 54
Graduation Rate: | 91% |
State: | 78% |
4-Year Graduation Rate:
Made AYP: Yes
Met graduation rate criteria: Yes
Students enrolled during the test administration period: 50
Graduation Rate: | 94% |
New York: | 76% |
SAT/ACT:
(State average from 3,754 schools)
The SAT Reasoning Test (SAT) is a curriculum-based, college readiness test that assesses the academic skills and knowledge students acquire in high school and the ability to apply that knowledge.
- White: 10 (male: 5, female: 5)
- Individuals With Disabilities Education Act (IDEA): 2 (all male)
Advanced Placement:
(State average from 497 schools)
Is enrollment via self-selection by students permittedfor all AP courses offered by the school?: No
- Asian4
- White34
- Multirace2
- IDEA4
Students Enrolled in at least one AP Course
- Asian: 4 (male: 2, female: 2)
- White: 34 (male: 17, female: 17)
- Two or More Races: 2 (all female)
- Individuals With Disabilities Education Act (IDEA): 4 (male: 2, female: 2)
Student Enrollment in Advanced Placement (AP) Mathematics: 4 (male: 2, female: 2)
- White: 4 (male: 2, female: 2)
Student Enrollment in Advanced Placement (AP) Science: 12 (male: 5, female: 7)
- White: 10 (male: 5, female: 5)
- Two or More Races: 2 (all female)
- Asian4
- White28
- Multirace2
- IDEA4
Students Enrollment in Other Advanced Placement (AP) Subjects
- Asian: 4 (male: 2, female: 2)
- White: 28 (male: 14, female: 14)
- Two or More Races: 2 (all female)
- Individuals With Disabilities Education Act (IDEA): 4 (male: 2, female: 2)
- Asian4
- White34
- Multirace2
- IDEA4
Students who took one or more AP exams
- Asian: 4 (male: 2, female: 2)
- White: 34 (male: 17, female: 17)
- Two or More Races: 2 (all female)
- Individuals With Disabilities Education Act (IDEA): 4 (male: 2, female: 2)
Students who received a qualifying score on one or more AP exams: 23 (male: 13, female: 10)
- White: 23 (male: 13, female: 10)
Alfred-Almond Junior-Senior High School: | 57.5% |
State: | 65.5% |
Students who did not receive a qualifying score on any AP exams: 11 (male: 4, female: 7)
- White: 11 (male: 4, female: 7)
Health & Safety
Referrals and Arrests:
(State average from 410 schools)
School-related arrest refers to an arrest of a student for any activity conducted on school grounds, during off-campus school activities (including while taking school transportation), or due to a referral by any school official. All school-related arrests are considered referrals to law enforcement.
- White: 5
Students without disabilities who were referred to a law enforcement agency or official per 1,000 students
Alfred-Almond Junior-Senior High School: | 16.8 |
State: | 6.5 |
Students with disabilities who were referred to a law enforcement agency or official: 2 (all male)
- White: 2
- Section 504: 2
Students with disabilities who were referred to a law enforcement agency or official per 1,000 students
Alfred-Almond Junior-Senior High School: | 6.7 |
State: | 3.4 |
Chronic Student Absenteeismt:
(State average from 3,050 schools)
- Asian2
- White31
- Multirace2
- IDEA4
Chronic Student Absenteeism
- Asian: 2 (all male)
- White: 31 (male: 17, female: 14)
- Two or More Races: 2 (all male)
- Individuals With Disabilities Education Act (IDEA): 4 (male: 2, female: 2)
Here: | 117.4 |
New York: | 179.4 |
Suspensions:
(State average from 569 schools)
- For students with disabilities served under IDEA : Out-of-school suspension is an instance in which a child is temporarily removed from his/her regular school for at least half a day for disciplinary purposes to another setting (e.g., home, behavior center).Out-of-school suspensions include both removals in which no individualized family service plan(IFSP) or individualized education plan(IEP) services are provided because the removal is 10 days or less as well as removals in which the child continues to receive services according to his/her IFSP or IEP.
- For students without disabilities and students with disabilities served solely under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act : Out-of-school suspension is an instance in which a child is temporarily removed from his / her regular school for at least half a day(but less than the remainder of the school year) for disciplinary purposes to another setting(e.g., home, behavior center).Out-of-school suspensions include removals in which no educational services are provided, and removals in which educational services are provided(e.g., school-provided at home instruction or tutoring).
- White: 3
- Individuals With Disabilities Education Act (IDEA): 1
- Section 504: 1
Instances of out-of-school suspension (Students without disabilities): 2
Instances of out-of-school suspension per 1,000 students (Students without disabilities)
Alfred-Almond Junior-Senior High School: | 6.7 |
State: | 50.9 |
- White: 11
Students without disabilities receiving only one out-of-school suspension: 2 (all male)
- White: 2
Students without disabilities receiving more than one out-of-school suspension: 2 (all male)
- White: 2
Instances of out-of-school suspension (Students with disabilities): 1
Instances of out-of-school suspension per 1,000 students (Students with disabilities)
School: | 3.4 |
State: | 29.4 |
Instances of out-of-school suspension per 1,000 students (Section 504 only)
School: | 3.4 |
State: | 2.9 |
- White: 4 (male: 2, female: 2)
- Section 504: 4 (male: 2, female: 2)
Students with disabilities receiving more than one out-of-school suspension: 2 (all male)
- White: 2
- Section 504: 2
Expulsions:
(State average from 286 schools)
- White: 2
Students without Disabilities who received an expulsion with educational services per 1,000 students
School: | 6.7 |
New York: | 8.8 |
Students with Disabilities who received an expulsion with educational services: 2 (all male)
- White: 2
Students with Disabilities who received an expulsion with educational services per 1,000 students
Alfred-Almond Junior-Senior High School: | 6.7 |
State: | 4.2 |
Classes & Courses
Algebra I:
(State average from 773 schools)
Number of Algebra I classes taught by certified teachers: 3
8th grade student enrollment in Algebra I: 2 (all female)
- White: 2
School: | 0.0% |
State: | 87.1% |
9-10th grade student enrollment in Algebra I: 30 (male: 11, female: 19)
- Asian: 2 (all female)
- White: 28 (male: 11, female: 17)
- Individuals With Disabilities Education Act (IDEA): 2 (all female)
- White: 29 (male: 13, female: 16)
School: | 96.7% |
State: | 76.8% |
11-12th grade student enrollment in Algebra I: 2 (all female)
- Asian: 2
Alfred-Almond Junior-Senior High School: | 0.0% |
New York: | 65.5% |
Algebra II:
Number of Algebra II classes taught by certified teachers: 2
Student Enrollment in Algebra II: 38 (male: 16, female: 22)
- Asian: 4 (male: 2, female: 2)
- White: 34 (male: 14, female: 20)
- Individuals With Disabilities Education Act (IDEA): 2 (all male)
Geometry:
Number of Geometry classes taught by certified teachers: 2
Student Enrollment in Geometry: 7 (male: 2, female: 5)
- White: 7 (male: 2, female: 5)
Advanced Mathematics:
Number of Advanced Mathematics classes taught by certified teachers: 1
Student Enrollment in Advanced Mathematics: 4 (male: 2, female: 2)
- White: 4 (male: 2, female: 2)
Biology:
Number of Biology classes taught by certified teachers: 4
- Hispanic4
- Asian5
- White76
- IDEA13
Student Enrollment in Biology
- Hispanic: 4 (male: 2, female: 2)
- Asian: 5 (all female)
- White: 76 (male: 41, female: 35)
- Individuals With Disabilities Education Act (IDEA): 13 (male: 8, female: 5)
Chemistry:
Number of Chemistry classes taught by certified teachers: 2
Student Enrollment in Chemistry: 27 (male: 13, female: 14)
- Asian: 2 (all male)
- White: 25 (male: 11, female: 14)
- Individuals With Disabilities Education Act (IDEA): 2 (all male)
Physics:
Number of Physics classes taught by certified teachers: 1
Student Enrollment in Physics: 10 (male: 5, female: 5)
- White: 10 (male: 5, female: 5)
Comments
Review, comment, or add new information about this topic: