Property valuation of Rock Ridge Road, Herndon, VA: 12584, 12585, 12586, 12587, 12588, 12589, 12590, 12591, 12592, 12593 (tax assessments)
Other nearby streets: Millikens Bend Road (1) 
Millikens Bend Road (2)
Rock Ridge Road (1)
Rock Ridge Road (2)
Stoa Court
Millikens Bend Road (2)
Rock Ridge Road (1)
Rock Ridge Road (2)
Stoa Court
Listed properties vs overall distribution of properties in Herndon, VA:
Advertisements
12584 Rock Ridge Road
Herndon, VA
Find on map >>
Owner: SCOTT S PATTERSON
Land value: $185,000 (it was $155,000 in 2010)
Building value: $312,110 (it was $271,860 in 2010)
Total value for property: $497,110 (it was $426,860 in 2010)
Assessments for tax year: 2014
Land area: 9,378 square feet
Living area: 2,506 square feet
Utilities: Water connected, Sewer connected, Gas connected
Number of stories: 2
Building use: Single Dwelling or Patio House
Style: 2 Story
Exterior wall: Vinyl
Floor type: Carpet Or Carpet/Tile
Roof type: Composition Shingle
Basement: Full
Number of bedrooms: 4
Number of full bathrooms: 3
Number of half bathrooms: 1
Heating: Yes
Number of fireplaces: 1
Year property was built: 1990
Additions:
Sale price for most recent sale: $395,000
Sale date for second most recent sale: 07/10/1990
Sale price for second most recent sale: $252,727
Herndon, VA
Find on map >>
Owner: SCOTT S PATTERSON
Land value: $185,000 (it was $155,000 in 2010)
Building value: $312,110 (it was $271,860 in 2010)
Total value for property: $497,110 (it was $426,860 in 2010)
Assessments for tax year: 2014
Land area: 9,378 square feet
Living area: 2,506 square feet
Utilities: Water connected, Sewer connected, Gas connected
Number of stories: 2
Building use: Single Dwelling or Patio House
Style: 2 Story
Exterior wall: Vinyl
Floor type: Carpet Or Carpet/Tile
Roof type: Composition Shingle
Basement: Full
Number of bedrooms: 4
Number of full bathrooms: 3
Number of half bathrooms: 1
Heating: Yes
Number of fireplaces: 1
Year property was built: 1990
Additions:
-
Addition type: Lower: Open porch or portico
Addition area: 172 square feet
-
Addition type: Lower: Attached garage
Addition area: 500 square feet
-
Addition area: 311 square feet
-
Addition type: Lower: Patio
Addition area: 120 square feet
Sale price for most recent sale: $395,000
Sale date for second most recent sale: 07/10/1990
Sale price for second most recent sale: $252,727
12585 Rock Ridge Road
Herndon, VA
Find on map >>
Owner: JOHN W GENN
Land value: $184,000 (it was $154,000 in 2010)
Building value: $298,360 (it was $251,140 in 2010)
Total value for property: $482,360 (it was $405,140 in 2010)
Assessments for tax year: 2014
Land area: 8,625 square feet
Living area: 1,744 square feet
Utilities: Water connected, Sewer connected, Gas available
Number of stories: 1
Building use: Single Dwelling or Patio House
Style: Split Level 2-Levels
Exterior wall: Half Aluminum/Half Brick
Floor type: Carpet Or Carpet/Tile
Roof type: Composition Shingle
Basement: Full
Basement type: Daylight
Number of bedrooms: 3
Number of full bathrooms: 3
Number of half bathrooms: 1
Heating: Yes
Number of fireplaces: 1
Year property was built: 1987
Additions:
Sale price for most recent sale: $365,000
Sale date for second most recent sale: 08/03/2005
Sale price for second most recent sale: $605,000
Herndon, VA
Find on map >>
Owner: JOHN W GENN
Land value: $184,000 (it was $154,000 in 2010)
Building value: $298,360 (it was $251,140 in 2010)
Total value for property: $482,360 (it was $405,140 in 2010)
Assessments for tax year: 2014
Land area: 8,625 square feet
Living area: 1,744 square feet
Utilities: Water connected, Sewer connected, Gas available
Number of stories: 1
Building use: Single Dwelling or Patio House
Style: Split Level 2-Levels
Exterior wall: Half Aluminum/Half Brick
Floor type: Carpet Or Carpet/Tile
Roof type: Composition Shingle
Basement: Full
Basement type: Daylight
Number of bedrooms: 3
Number of full bathrooms: 3
Number of half bathrooms: 1
Heating: Yes
Number of fireplaces: 1
Year property was built: 1987
Additions:
-
Addition type: Lower: Basement full, First: Frame/brick
Addition area: 828 square feet
-
Addition type: Lower: Overhang
Addition area: 22 square feet
-
Addition type: Lower: Open porch or portico
Addition area: 30 square feet
-
Addition type: Lower: Overhang
Addition area: 22 square feet
-
Addition type: Lower: Wood deck
Addition area: 233 square feet
-
Addition type: Lower: Overhang
Addition area: 14 square feet
Sale price for most recent sale: $365,000
Sale date for second most recent sale: 08/03/2005
Sale price for second most recent sale: $605,000
12586 Rock Ridge Road
Herndon, VA
Find on map >>
Owner: DAVID M HUDSON
Land value: $184,000 (it was $154,000 in 2010)
Building value: $319,160 (it was $283,960 in 2010)
Total value for property: $503,160 (it was $437,960 in 2010)
Assessments for tax year: 2014
Land area: 8,500 square feet
Living area: 2,530 square feet
Utilities: Water connected, Sewer connected, Gas connected
Number of stories: 2
Building use: Single Dwelling or Patio House
Style: 2 Story
Exterior wall: Aluminum Siding
Floor type: Carpet Or Carpet/Tile
Roof type: Composition Shingle
Basement: Full
Number of bedrooms: 5
Number of full bathrooms: 3
Number of half bathrooms: 1
Heating: Yes
Number of fireplaces: 1
Year property was built: 1987
Additions:
Sale date for second most recent sale: 08/02/2001
Sale price for second most recent sale: $400,000
Herndon, VA
Find on map >>
Owner: DAVID M HUDSON
Land value: $184,000 (it was $154,000 in 2010)
Building value: $319,160 (it was $283,960 in 2010)
Total value for property: $503,160 (it was $437,960 in 2010)
Assessments for tax year: 2014
Land area: 8,500 square feet
Living area: 2,530 square feet
Utilities: Water connected, Sewer connected, Gas connected
Number of stories: 2
Building use: Single Dwelling or Patio House
Style: 2 Story
Exterior wall: Aluminum Siding
Floor type: Carpet Or Carpet/Tile
Roof type: Composition Shingle
Basement: Full
Number of bedrooms: 5
Number of full bathrooms: 3
Number of half bathrooms: 1
Heating: Yes
Number of fireplaces: 1
Year property was built: 1987
Additions:
-
Addition type: Lower: Basement full, First: Frame, Second: Half story finished frame
Addition area: 260 square feet
-
Addition type: Lower: Open porch or portico
Addition area: 100 square feet
-
Addition type: Lower: Attached garage
Addition area: 426 square feet
-
Addition type: Lower: Patio
Addition area: 240 square feet
-
Addition type: Lower: Overhang
Addition area: 14 square feet
-
Addition type: Lower: Overhang
Addition area: 14 square feet
Sale date for second most recent sale: 08/02/2001
Sale price for second most recent sale: $400,000
12587 Rock Ridge Road
Herndon, VA
Find on map >>
Owner: JAMES L LOGAN III
Land value: $184,000 (it was $154,000 in 2010)
Building value: $308,340 (it was $279,410 in 2010)
Total value for property: $492,340 (it was $433,410 in 2010)
Assessments for tax year: 2014
Land area: 8,625 square feet
Living area: 2,530 square feet
Utilities: Water connected, Sewer connected, Gas available
Number of stories: 2
Building use: Single Dwelling or Patio House
Style: 2 Story
Exterior wall: Aluminum Siding
Floor type: Carpet Or Carpet/Tile
Roof type: Composition Shingle
Basement: Full
Number of bedrooms: 5
Number of full bathrooms: 2
Number of half bathrooms: 1
Heating: Yes
Number of fireplaces: 1
Year property was built: 1987
Additions:
Sale price for most recent sale: $254,000
Sale date for second most recent sale: 11/04/1987
Sale price for second most recent sale: $201,850
Herndon, VA
Find on map >>
Owner: JAMES L LOGAN III
Land value: $184,000 (it was $154,000 in 2010)
Building value: $308,340 (it was $279,410 in 2010)
Total value for property: $492,340 (it was $433,410 in 2010)
Assessments for tax year: 2014
Land area: 8,625 square feet
Living area: 2,530 square feet
Utilities: Water connected, Sewer connected, Gas available
Number of stories: 2
Building use: Single Dwelling or Patio House
Style: 2 Story
Exterior wall: Aluminum Siding
Floor type: Carpet Or Carpet/Tile
Roof type: Composition Shingle
Basement: Full
Number of bedrooms: 5
Number of full bathrooms: 2
Number of half bathrooms: 1
Heating: Yes
Number of fireplaces: 1
Year property was built: 1987
Additions:
-
Addition type: Lower: Frame, First: Half story finished frame
Addition area: 260 square feet
-
Addition type: Lower: Open porch or portico
Addition area: 100 square feet
-
Addition type: Lower: Attached garage
Addition area: 426 square feet
-
Addition type: Lower: Overhang
Addition area: 14 square feet
-
Addition type: Lower: Overhang
Addition area: 14 square feet
Sale price for most recent sale: $254,000
Sale date for second most recent sale: 11/04/1987
Sale price for second most recent sale: $201,850
12588 Rock Ridge Road
Herndon, VA
Find on map >>
Owner: KATELYN M CUMMINS
Land value: $184,000 (it was $154,000 in 2010)
Building value: $286,560 (it was $247,180 in 2010)
Total value for property: $470,560 (it was $401,180 in 2010)
Assessments for tax year: 2014
Land area: 8,500 square feet
Living area: 1,774 square feet
Utilities: Water connected, Sewer connected, Gas available
Number of stories: 1
Building use: Single Dwelling or Patio House
Style: Split Level 2-Levels
Exterior wall: Aluminum Siding
Floor type: Carpet Or Carpet/Tile
Roof type: Composition Shingle
Basement: Full
Basement type: Daylight
Number of bedrooms: 3
Number of full bathrooms: 2
Number of half bathrooms: 1
Heating: Yes
Number of fireplaces: 1
Year property was built: 1987
Additions:
Sale price for most recent sale: $440,000
Sale date for second most recent sale: 12/18/2002
Sale price for second most recent sale: $360,000
Herndon, VA
Find on map >>
Owner: KATELYN M CUMMINS
Land value: $184,000 (it was $154,000 in 2010)
Building value: $286,560 (it was $247,180 in 2010)
Total value for property: $470,560 (it was $401,180 in 2010)
Assessments for tax year: 2014
Land area: 8,500 square feet
Living area: 1,774 square feet
Utilities: Water connected, Sewer connected, Gas available
Number of stories: 1
Building use: Single Dwelling or Patio House
Style: Split Level 2-Levels
Exterior wall: Aluminum Siding
Floor type: Carpet Or Carpet/Tile
Roof type: Composition Shingle
Basement: Full
Basement type: Daylight
Number of bedrooms: 3
Number of full bathrooms: 2
Number of half bathrooms: 1
Heating: Yes
Number of fireplaces: 1
Year property was built: 1987
Additions:
-
Addition type: Lower: Basement full, First: Frame
Addition area: 828 square feet
-
Addition type: Lower: Overhang
Addition area: 22 square feet
-
Addition type: Lower: Wood deck
Addition area: 519 square feet
-
Addition type: Lower: Open porch or portico, First: Area over or dorm room
Addition area: 30 square feet
-
Addition type: Lower: Overhang
Addition area: 22 square feet
-
Addition type: Lower: Overhang
Addition area: 14 square feet
Sale price for most recent sale: $440,000
Sale date for second most recent sale: 12/18/2002
Sale price for second most recent sale: $360,000
12589 Rock Ridge Road
Herndon, VA
Find on map >>
Owner: PRODIP CHAUDHURY
Land value: $184,000 (it was $154,000 in 2010)
Building value: $318,170 (it was $289,920 in 2010)
Total value for property: $502,170 (it was $443,920 in 2010)
Assessments for tax year: 2014
Land area: 8,625 square feet
Living area: 2,516 square feet
Utilities: Water connected, Sewer connected, Gas connected
Number of stories: 2
Building use: Single Dwelling or Patio House
Style: 2 Story
Exterior wall: Vinyl
Floor type: Carpet Or Carpet/Tile
Roof type: Composition Shingle
Basement: Full
Number of bedrooms: 5
Number of full bathrooms: 3
Number of half bathrooms: 1
Heating: Yes
Number of fireplaces: 1
Year property was built: 1987
Additions:
Sale price for most recent sale: $540,000
Sale date for second most recent sale: 11/16/2004
Sale price for second most recent sale: $584,900
Herndon, VA
Find on map >>
Owner: PRODIP CHAUDHURY
Land value: $184,000 (it was $154,000 in 2010)
Building value: $318,170 (it was $289,920 in 2010)
Total value for property: $502,170 (it was $443,920 in 2010)
Assessments for tax year: 2014
Land area: 8,625 square feet
Living area: 2,516 square feet
Utilities: Water connected, Sewer connected, Gas connected
Number of stories: 2
Building use: Single Dwelling or Patio House
Style: 2 Story
Exterior wall: Vinyl
Floor type: Carpet Or Carpet/Tile
Roof type: Composition Shingle
Basement: Full
Number of bedrooms: 5
Number of full bathrooms: 3
Number of half bathrooms: 1
Heating: Yes
Number of fireplaces: 1
Year property was built: 1987
Additions:
-
Addition type: Lower: Frame, First: Half story finished frame
Addition area: 260 square feet
-
Addition type: Lower: Screened porch
Addition area: 144 square feet
-
Addition type: Lower: Attached garage
Addition area: 426 square feet
-
Addition type: Lower: Overhang
Addition area: 68 square feet
-
Addition type: Lower: Wood deck
Addition area: 140 square feet
-
Addition type: Lower: Overhang
Addition area: 14 square feet
Sale price for most recent sale: $540,000
Sale date for second most recent sale: 11/16/2004
Sale price for second most recent sale: $584,900
12590 Rock Ridge Road
Herndon, VA
Find on map >>
Owner: CRAIG R MORROW
Land value: $184,000 (it was $154,000 in 2010)
Building value: $300,950 (it was $271,590 in 2010)
Total value for property: $484,950 (it was $425,590 in 2010)
Assessments for tax year: 2014
Land area: 8,500 square feet
Living area: 2,530 square feet
Utilities: Water connected, Sewer connected, Gas available
Number of stories: 2
Building use: Single Dwelling or Patio House
Style: 2 Story
Exterior wall: Aluminum Siding
Floor type: Carpet Or Carpet/Tile
Roof type: Composition Shingle
Basement: Full
Number of bedrooms: 5
Number of full bathrooms: 2
Number of half bathrooms: 1
Heating: Yes
Number of fireplaces: 1
Year property was built: 1987
Additions:
Sale price for most recent sale: $240,750
Sale date for second most recent sale: 05/29/1992
Sale price for second most recent sale: $230,000
Herndon, VA
Find on map >>
Owner: CRAIG R MORROW
Land value: $184,000 (it was $154,000 in 2010)
Building value: $300,950 (it was $271,590 in 2010)
Total value for property: $484,950 (it was $425,590 in 2010)
Assessments for tax year: 2014
Land area: 8,500 square feet
Living area: 2,530 square feet
Utilities: Water connected, Sewer connected, Gas available
Number of stories: 2
Building use: Single Dwelling or Patio House
Style: 2 Story
Exterior wall: Aluminum Siding
Floor type: Carpet Or Carpet/Tile
Roof type: Composition Shingle
Basement: Full
Number of bedrooms: 5
Number of full bathrooms: 2
Number of half bathrooms: 1
Heating: Yes
Number of fireplaces: 1
Year property was built: 1987
Additions:
-
Addition type: Lower: Basement full, First: Frame, Second: Half story finished frame
Addition area: 260 square feet
-
Addition type: Lower: Wood deck
Addition area: 192 square feet
-
Addition type: Lower: Attached garage
Addition area: 426 square feet
-
Addition type: Lower: Overhang
Addition area: 14 square feet
-
Addition type: Lower: Overhang
Addition area: 14 square feet
Sale price for most recent sale: $240,750
Sale date for second most recent sale: 05/29/1992
Sale price for second most recent sale: $230,000
12591 Rock Ridge Road
Herndon, VA
Find on map >>
Owner: ROBERT A RAUH
Land value: $184,000 (it was $154,000 in 2010)
Building value: $313,850 (it was $281,540 in 2010)
Total value for property: $497,850 (it was $435,540 in 2010)
Assessments for tax year: 2014
Land area: 8,625 square feet
Living area: 2,260 square feet
Utilities: Water connected, Sewer connected, Gas available
Number of stories: 2
Building use: Single Dwelling or Patio House
Style: 2 Story
Exterior wall: Aluminum Siding
Floor type: Carpet Or Carpet/Tile
Roof type: Composition Shingle
Basement: Full
Number of bedrooms: 4
Number of full bathrooms: 3
Number of half bathrooms: 1
Heating: Yes
Number of fireplaces: 1
Year property was built: 1987
Additions:
Sale price for most recent sale: $247,000
Sale date for second most recent sale: 10/02/1987
Sale price for second most recent sale: $189,900
Herndon, VA
Find on map >>
Owner: ROBERT A RAUH
Land value: $184,000 (it was $154,000 in 2010)
Building value: $313,850 (it was $281,540 in 2010)
Total value for property: $497,850 (it was $435,540 in 2010)
Assessments for tax year: 2014
Land area: 8,625 square feet
Living area: 2,260 square feet
Utilities: Water connected, Sewer connected, Gas available
Number of stories: 2
Building use: Single Dwelling or Patio House
Style: 2 Story
Exterior wall: Aluminum Siding
Floor type: Carpet Or Carpet/Tile
Roof type: Composition Shingle
Basement: Full
Number of bedrooms: 4
Number of full bathrooms: 3
Number of half bathrooms: 1
Heating: Yes
Number of fireplaces: 1
Year property was built: 1987
Additions:
-
Addition type: Lower: Frame
Addition area: 260 square feet
-
Addition type: Lower: Open porch or portico
Addition area: 198 square feet
-
Addition type: Lower: Wood deck
Addition area: 764 square feet
-
Addition type: Lower: Attached garage
Addition area: 426 square feet
-
Addition type: Lower: Overhang
Addition area: 14 square feet
-
Addition type: Lower: Overhang
Addition area: 14 square feet
Sale price for most recent sale: $247,000
Sale date for second most recent sale: 10/02/1987
Sale price for second most recent sale: $189,900
12592 Rock Ridge Road
Herndon, VA
Find on map >>
Owner: KENNETH L KUENY
Land value: $184,000 (it was $154,000 in 2010)
Building value: $248,070 (it was $225,850 in 2010)
Total value for property: $432,070 (it was $379,850 in 2010)
Assessments for tax year: 2014
Land area: 8,643 square feet
Living area: 1,848 square feet
Utilities: Water connected, Sewer connected, Gas available
Number of stories: 2
Building use: Single Dwelling or Patio House
Style: 2 Story
Exterior wall: Aluminum with Brick Trim
Floor type: Carpet Or Carpet/Tile
Roof type: Composition Shingle
Basement: None
Number of bedrooms: 3
Number of full bathrooms: 2
Number of half bathrooms: 1
Heating: Yes
Number of fireplaces: 1
Year property was built: 1987
Additions:
Sale price for most recent sale: $190,000
Sale date for second most recent sale: 11/16/1987
Sale price for second most recent sale: $164,700
Herndon, VA
Find on map >>
Owner: KENNETH L KUENY
Land value: $184,000 (it was $154,000 in 2010)
Building value: $248,070 (it was $225,850 in 2010)
Total value for property: $432,070 (it was $379,850 in 2010)
Assessments for tax year: 2014
Land area: 8,643 square feet
Living area: 1,848 square feet
Utilities: Water connected, Sewer connected, Gas available
Number of stories: 2
Building use: Single Dwelling or Patio House
Style: 2 Story
Exterior wall: Aluminum with Brick Trim
Floor type: Carpet Or Carpet/Tile
Roof type: Composition Shingle
Basement: None
Number of bedrooms: 3
Number of full bathrooms: 2
Number of half bathrooms: 1
Heating: Yes
Number of fireplaces: 1
Year property was built: 1987
Additions:
-
Addition type: Lower: Open porch or portico
Addition area: 80 square feet
-
Addition type: Lower: Wood deck
Addition area: 984 square feet
-
Addition type: Lower: Attached garage
Addition area: 420 square feet
-
Addition type: Lower: Frame
Addition area: 216 square feet
Sale price for most recent sale: $190,000
Sale date for second most recent sale: 11/16/1987
Sale price for second most recent sale: $164,700
12593 Rock Ridge Road
Herndon, VA
Find on map >>
Owner: MICHAEL B WASSERMAN
Land value: $184,000 (it was $154,000 in 2010)
Building value: $279,690 (it was $245,910 in 2010)
Total value for property: $463,690 (it was $399,910 in 2010)
Assessments for tax year: 2014
Land area: 8,625 square feet
Living area: 1,888 square feet
Utilities: Water connected, Sewer connected, Gas not available
Number of stories: 2
Building use: Single Dwelling or Patio House
Style: 2 Story
Exterior wall: Vinyl
Floor type: Carpet Or Carpet/Tile
Roof type: Composition Shingle
Basement: Full
Number of bedrooms: 3
Number of full bathrooms: 2
Number of half bathrooms: 1
Heating: Yes
Number of fireplaces: 1
Year property was built: 1987
Additions:
Sale price for most recent sale: $545,000
Sale date for second most recent sale: 05/05/2004
Herndon, VA
Find on map >>
Owner: MICHAEL B WASSERMAN
Land value: $184,000 (it was $154,000 in 2010)
Building value: $279,690 (it was $245,910 in 2010)
Total value for property: $463,690 (it was $399,910 in 2010)
Assessments for tax year: 2014
Land area: 8,625 square feet
Living area: 1,888 square feet
Utilities: Water connected, Sewer connected, Gas not available
Number of stories: 2
Building use: Single Dwelling or Patio House
Style: 2 Story
Exterior wall: Vinyl
Floor type: Carpet Or Carpet/Tile
Roof type: Composition Shingle
Basement: Full
Number of bedrooms: 3
Number of full bathrooms: 2
Number of half bathrooms: 1
Heating: Yes
Number of fireplaces: 1
Year property was built: 1987
Additions:
-
Addition type: Lower: Overhang, First: Overhang
Addition area: 20 square feet
-
Addition type: Lower: Open porch or portico
Addition area: 80 square feet
-
Addition type: Lower: Attached garage
Addition area: 420 square feet
-
Addition type: Lower: Patio
Addition area: 196 square feet
-
Addition type: Lower: Basement full, First: Frame
Addition area: 216 square feet
Sale price for most recent sale: $545,000
Sale date for second most recent sale: 05/05/2004
Other nearby streets: Millikens Bend Road (1)
Millikens Bend Road (2)
Rock Ridge Road (1)
Rock Ridge Road (2)
Stoa Court
Millikens Bend Road (2)
Rock Ridge Road (1)
Rock Ridge Road (2)
Stoa Court
Recent posts about Herndon, Virginia on our local forum with over 2,400,000 registered users. Herndon is mentioned 7,625 times on our forum:
 | Herndon Council to DOUBLE their paycheck (20 replies) |
| Dranesville, Herndon 14th Best Place to live (22 replies) |
| A question about neighborhoods in Herndon (11 replies) |
| Town of Herndon, stats, academics, demographics and phtos (4 replies) |
| Good place to live commutable to Herndon and Wilmington DE? (30 replies) |
| Public Health/Research positions in Herndon (2 replies) |
Settings
X
Recently Added Photos
Herndon, VA
Herndon, VA
Herndon, VA
Herndon, VA
Herndon, VA
Herndon, VA
Oakton, VA
Falls Church, VA
Falls Church, VA
Falls Church, VA
Vienna, VA
Reston, VA
Request disassociating your name from street-level assessment address
Recent home sales, price trends, and home value evaluator powered by Onboard Informatics
© 2024 Onboard Informatics. Information is deemed reliable but not guaranteed.
© 2024 Onboard Informatics. Information is deemed reliable but not guaranteed.
Some parts © 2024 Advameg, Inc.
Compilation, repackaging, or reproduction prohibited. Users are forewarned that it is incumbent upon them to verify information with the responsible state agency. Advameg, Inc. does not guarantee the data presented is up-to-date nor does it assume responsibility for updating it. Therefore any names, owners or addresses may have changed. Use of any information published here to contact the persons might be prohibited by the law.