Trade replaced government as the leading employer in Utah in 1980. Nearly 14% of personal income in the state was derived from government sources in 1995, a proportion increased to 14.7% by 1997. With more than 70% of Utah lands under US control and some 37,750 civilian workers on federal payrolls—and others employed by defense industries or the military—the federal presence in Utah is both a major economic force and a controversial political issue. On the one hand, elected officials have sought federal funds for mammoth reclamation and power projects. On the other hand, they resent many federal programs concerned with social welfare, land use, or environmental protection. Employment in the 1990s shifted away from agriculture, mining, transportation, and communications toward government, trade, and service occupations, and to a much lesser extent, manufacturing. Utah suffered disproportionately from cuts in the federal military budget in the early nineties, but from 1997 to 2001, output from the government sector increased 27%, including a 30.7% increase from federal operations, civilian and military. Even stronger growth was shown in other service sectors, with financial services up 55%, and general services up 33.8%. Output from Utah's manufacturing sector increased 18% between 1997 and 2000, increasing its share in the gross state product from 14.1% to 15.6%, but then plummeted 11.7% in the national recession and slowdown of 2001, reducing its share in total state output to 11.5%. In 2002, Utah ranked seventh in the nation in job losses. Construction jobs were down 7% in part because of the end of work for the 2002 Winter Olympics held in Utah. Manufacturing jobs in December 2002 were down 3.2% year-on-year, and the loss of high-paying jobs in high-tech and venture capital fields was seriously impacting personal income in the state. As of September 2002, personal bankruptcy filings had increased 15% over the year before, as Utah continued to have among the highest foreclosure start and bankruptcy rates in the country.
In 2001, Utah's gross state product gross state product was $70.4 billion, the 33rd largest among the states, to which general services contributed $14.5 billion; general services, $14.1 billion; trade, $11.2 billion; government, $10.3 billion; manufacturing, $8.1 billion; transportation and public utilities, $85.6 billion, and construction, $4.4 billion. The public sector in 2001 constituted 14.7% of gross state product, compared to the 12% average for the states.