To address the continuing threat of terrorism and to work with the federal Department of Homeland Security (created in 2002 following the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001), homeland security in Texas in 2003 operated under executive order; the lieutenant governor was designated as the state homeland security advisor.
The state of Texas provides environmental protection through its Natural Resource Conservation Commission. The Department of Housing and Human Affairs helps to provide shelter for all citizens. The Ethics Commission promotes individual participation and confidence in governmental processes by enforcing and administering applicable laws and by providing public official conduct information.
Educational services in the public schools are administered by the Texas Education Agency, which is run by a commissioner of education appointed by an elected State Board of Education; the State Textbook Committee, appointed by the board, oversees textbook purchases statewide. The Coordinating Board for the State College and University System, consisting of appointed members, oversees public higher education. Transportation facilities are regulated by the State Highway and Public Transportation Commission, the Texas Railroad Commission, and the Texas Aeronautics Commission.
Health and welfare services are offered by the Department of Health and the Department of Human Services, while public protection is the responsibility of the National Guard, Texas Department of Corrections, and Texas Youth Council, which maintains institutions for juvenile offenders. Labor services are provided by the Texas Employment Commission and the Department of Labor and Standards. Other departments deal with mental health and mental retardation, public safety, aging, banking, and agriculture.