NORTH CAROLINA

State of North Carolina

ORIGIN OF STATE NAME: Named in honor of King Charles I of England. NICKNAME: The Tar Heel State and Old North State. CAPITAL: Raleigh. ENTERED UNION: 21 November 1789 (12th). SONG: "The Old North State." MOTTO: Esse quam videri (To be rather than to seem). FLAG: Adjacent to the fly of two equally sized bars, red above and white below, is a blue union containing a white star in the center, flanked by the letters N and C in gold. Above and below the star are two gold scrolls, the upper one reading "May 20th 1775," the lower one "April 12th 1776." OFFICIAL SEAL: Liberty, clasping a constitution and holding aloft on a pole a liberty cap, stands on the left, while Plenty sits beside a cornucopia on the right; behind them, mountains run to the sea, on which a three-masted ship appears. "May 20, 1775" appears above the figures; the words "The Great Seal of the State of North Carolina" and the state motto surround the whole. MAMMAL: Gray squirrel. BIRD: Cardinal. FISH: Channel bass. DOG : Plott hound. REPTILE: Eastern box turtle. INSECT: Honeybee. FLOWER: Dogwood. TREE: Long leaf pine. VEGETABLE: Sweet potato. BEVERAGE: Milk. SHELL: Scotch bonnet. PRECIOUS STONE: Emerald. ROCK: Granite. LEGAL HOLIDAYS: New Year's Day, 1 January; Birthday of Martin Luther King, Jr., 3rd Monday in January; Easter Monday, March or April; Memorial Day, last Monday in May; Independence Day, 4 July; Labor Day, 1st Monday in September; Veterans Day, 11 November; Thanksgiving Day, 4th Thursday in November, and the day following; Christmas Eve, 24 December; Christmas Day, 25 December. TIME: 7 AM EST = noon GMT.

⁵⁰ BIBLIOGRAPHY

Ausband, Stephen C. Byrd's Line: A Natural History. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2002.

Byrd, William L. In Full Force and Virtue: North Carolina Emancipation Records, 1713–1860. Bowie, Md.: Heritage Books, 1999.

Chafe, William H. Civilities and Civil Rights: Greensboro, North Carolina and the Black Struggle for Freedom. New York: Oxford University Press, 1980.

Clay, James W., Douglas M. Orr, Jr., and Alfred W. Stuart (eds.). North Carolina Atlas: Portrait of a Changing Southern State. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1975.

Crow, Jeffrey J., Paul D. Escott, and Flora J. Hatley. A History of African Americans in North Carolina. Raleigh: North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources, Office of Archives and History, 2002.

Davis, Anita Price, compiler. North Carolina During the Great Depression: A Documentary Portrait of a Decade. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, 2003.

Fleer, Jack D. North Carolina Government & Politics. Lincoln, Nebr.: University of Nebraska, 1994.

Jones, H.G. North Carolina History: An Annotated Bibliography . Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1995.

Lefler, Hugh T., and Albert Ray Newsome. North Carolina: The History of a Southern State. 3rd ed., rev. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1973.

Morley, Margaret Warner. The Carolina Mountains. Alexander, N.C.: Land of the Sky Books, 2002.

Nathans, Sydney. The Quest for Progress: The Way We Lived in North Carolina, 1870–1920. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1983.

North Carolina Handbook. Chico, Calif.: Moon Publications, 1999.

Powell, William S. North Carolina: A Bicentennial History. New York: Norton, 1977.

State of North Carolina. Office of State Budget and Management. North Carolina State Government Statistical Abstract, 1984. 5th ed. Raleigh, 1984.