CALIFORNIA

State of California

ORIGIN OF STATE NAME: Probably from the mythical island California in a 16th-century romance by Garci Ordónez de Montalvo. NICKNAME: The Golden State. CAPITAL: Sacramento. ENTERED UNION: 9 September 1850 (31st). SONG: "I Love You, California." MOTTO: Eureka (I have found it). FLAG: The flag consists of a white field with a red star at upper left and a red stripe and the words "California Republic" across the bottom; in the center, a brown grizzly bear stands on a patch of green grass. OFFICIAL SEAL: In the foreground is the goddess Minerva; a grizzly bear stands in front of her shield. The scene also shows the Sierra Nevada, San Francisco Bay, a miner, a sheaf of wheat, and a cluster of grapes, all representing California's resources. The state motto and 31 stars are displayed at the top. The words "The Great Seal of the State of California" surround the whole. COLORS: Yale blue and golden yellow. ANIMAL: California grizzly bear (extinct). BIRD: California valley quail. FISH: South Fork golden trout. MARINE MAMMAL: California gray whale. REPTILE: California desert tortoise. INSECT: California dog-face butterfly (flying pansy). FLOWER: Golden poppy. TREE: California redwood. ROCK: Serpentine. MINERAL: Native gold. FOSSIL: California saber-toothed cat. LEGAL HOLIDAYS: New Year's Day, 1 January; Birthday of Martin Luther King, Jr., 3rd Monday in January; Lincoln's Birthday, 12 February; Presidents' Day, 3rd Monday in February; Memorial Day, last Monday in May; Independence Day, 4 July; Labor Day, 1st Monday in September; Admission Day, 9 September; Columbus Day, 2nd Monday in October; Veterans Day, 11 November, Thanksgiving Day, 4th Thursday in November; Christmas Day, 25 December. TIME: 4 AM PST = noon GMT.

⁵⁰ BIBLIOGRAPHY

Bean, Walton, and James J. Rawls. California: An Interpretive History . 4th ed. N.Y.: McGraw-Hill, 1982.

Caughey, John W. California: A Remarkable State's Life-History. 4th ed. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1982.

Dawson, Robert and Gray Brechin. Farewell, Promised Land: Waking from the California Dream . Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 1999.

Finson, Bruce, ed. Discovering California . San Francisco: California Academy of Sciences, 1983.

Hart, James D. A Companion to California . Rev. ed. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987.

Hesse, Georgia I. California and the West 1985 . Robert C. Fisher, ed. New York: NAL, 1984.

Hohm, Charles F., ed. California's Social Problems. New York: Longman, in collaboration with the California Sociological Association, 1997.

Holliday, J. S. The World Rushed In: The California Gold Rush Experience. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2002.

Kahrl, William L. Water and Power: The Conflict over Los Angeles's Water Supply in the Owens Valley . Berkeley: University of California Press, 1982.

Kessell, John L. Spain in the Southwest: A Narrative History of Colonial New Mexico, Arizona, Texas, and California. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2002.

McCarthy, Kevin F. and Georges Vernez. Immigration in a Changing Economy: California's Experience. Santa Monica, Calif.: Rand, 1997.

Martin, Stoddard. California Writers: Jack London, John Steinbeck, the Tough Guys . N.Y.: St. Martin's Press, 1984.

May, Kirse Granat. Golden State, Golden Youth: The California Image in Popular Culture, 1955–1966. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2002.

Miller, Crane S., and Richard S. Hysolp. California: The Geography of Diversity . Palo Alto, Calif.: Mayfield, 1983.

Muir, John. Mountains of California . New York: Penguin, 1985.

Starr, Kevin. The Dream Endures: California Enters the 1940s. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.

——. Inventing the Dream: California Through the Progressive Era . New York: Oxford University Press, 1985.

Williams, James C. Energy and the Making of Modern California. Akron, Ohio: University of Akron Press, 1997.