Crystal Cave - Kutztown, Pennsylvania - natural cave system and tourist attraction

There is no shortage of attractions in Pennsylvania's famous Dutch country, but one of the most acclaimed is the Crystal Cave near Kutztown, in the heart of Amish country. Since its discovery in the 19th century, millions of visitors have marveled at the natural rock formations; in fact, the caves are the oldest operating in the state and are its most popular natural attraction.

Like many other cave systems in the United States, Crystal Cave was discovered by accident; in this case by William Merkel and John Gehret, who were out blasting for limestone. They noticed a hole in the ground and after gathering together a small group to explore it, realized that the caves were extensive. They also found out, somewhat to their disappointment, that the crystals were not diamonds.

Tourism and scientific research both took off in 1872, when a local man, Samuel Kohler purchased almost 50 acres of farm land around the caves as well as the caves themselves, becoming Pennsylvania's first full time cave operator. Despite the area's relative inaccessibility and the lack of a direct rail service, Kohler attracted visitors by creating pathways, installing lighting, railings and staircases and charging 25 cents to see the spectacular caves.

The late 19th century saw increasing numbers of visitors; so many that Kohler had to build a small hotel on the site, although he frequently ended up accommodating guests in his own house as well. Kohler also realized the potential of marketing his investment; he printed colorful souvenir booklets and even held dances in the largest of the caves. The introduction of the car in the early 20th century made the caves more accessible and more popular; major improvements were made during the 1930s including the planting of thousands of trees.

The unique formations in the caves have been formed over the centuries by slowly dripping water depositing crystals; some of the formations are estimated to be half a million years old. The names of some of the formations give an idea of the unique rock formations that can be seen - the Giant's Tooth, the Natural Bridge and the Cathedral Chamber. One of the highlights of a visit is an area known as Lookout Point, which offers a panoramic view of most of the caves.

In addition to the natural rock formations, the caves are also home to wildlife - several North American brown bats live at the cave's lowest point which is about 155 feet below the surface. Despite the distance from ground level, visitors to Crystal Cave aren't too cold as the temperature inside the entire cave system is kept at a constant 54 degrees year round.

Crystal Cave offers visitors plenty to see and do, apart from the caves themselves. The grounds also feature a scenic nature trail and an unusual miniature golf course, which features natural relics as obstacles. There is also a restaurant serving local Amish country delicacies, a well-stocked rock and mineral shop and a museum displaying promotional and advertising memorabilia. Most children also enjoy the most recent attraction at Crystal Cave, panning for gemstones.