Palm Springs Estates neighborhood in Hialeah, Florida (FL), 33012, 33013 detailed profile
Settings
X
Business Search - 14 Million verified businesses
Area: 1.819 square miles
Population: 19,184
Population density:
Palm Springs Estates: | 10,548 people per square mile |
Hialeah: | 11,448 people per square mile |
- 18,26194.0%Hispanic or Latino
- 9084.7%White
- 2171.1%Asian
- 310.2%Black
Median household income in 2022:
Palm Springs Estates: | $74,013 |
Hialeah: | $52,674 |
Distribution of median household income
- 368Less than $10,000
- 650$10,000 to $19,999
- 613$20,000 to $29,999
- 560$30,000 to $39,999
- 881$40,000 to $49,999
- 417$50,000 to $59,999
- 519$60,000 to $74,999
- 719$75,000 to $99,999
- 505$100,000 to $124,999
- 425$125,000 to $149,999
- 827$150,000 to $199,999
- 423$200,000 or more
Distribution of owner-occupied house/condo value
- 722Less than $50,000
- 444$50,000 to $99,999
- 452$100,000 to $149,999
- 263$150,000 to $199,999
- 193$200,000 to $249,999
- 443$250,000 to $299,999
- 1,401$300,000 to $399,999
- 1,898$400,000 to $499,999
- 554$500,000 to $749,999
- 85$750,000 to $999,999
Distribution of rent paid by renters
- 995$300 to $399
- 1,104$700 to $799
- 51$900 to $999
- 308$1,000 to $1,249
- 681$1,250 to $1,499
- 802$1,500 to $1,999
- 380$2,000 or more
Males: | 9,800 |
Females: | 9,384 |
Males:
This neighborhood: | 45.9 years |
Whole city: | 45.1 years |
This neighborhood: | 51.6 years |
Whole city: | 46.5 years |
Average household size:
Palm Springs Estates: | 13.3 people |
Hialeah: | 2.8 people |
Percentage of family households:
Palm Springs Estates: | 40.6% |
Hialeah: | 45.3% |
Here: | 54.8% |
Hialeah: | 41.3% |
Percentage of married-couple families with children (among all households):
Palm Springs Estates: | 19.8% |
Hialeah: | 18.5% |
Percentage of single-mother households (among all households):
Palm Springs Estates: | 11.2% |
Hialeah: | 13.1% |
Percentage of never married males 15 years old and over:
Percentage of never married females 15 years old and over:
Palm Springs Estates: | 17.3% |
Hialeah: | 15.8% |
Percentage of never married females 15 years old and over:
Palm Springs Estates: | 11.7% |
city: | 15.7% |
Percentage of people that speak English not well or not at all:
Palm Springs Estates: | 37.6% |
Hialeah: | 42.1% |
Percentage of people born in this state:
Percentage of people born in another U.S. state:
Percentage of native residents but born outside the U.S.:
Percentage of foreign born residents:
Here: | 23.7% |
Hialeah: | 21.2% |
Percentage of people born in another U.S. state:
Palm Springs Estates: | 3.4% |
Hialeah: | 3.4% |
Percentage of native residents but born outside the U.S.:
Here: | 0.9% |
city: | 2.1% |
Percentage of foreign born residents:
Here: | 72.1% |
Hialeah: | 73.3% |
Owner-occupied
Renter-occupied
- Rooms in owner-occupied houses and condos in Palm Springs Estates
- 3401 room
- 02 rooms
- 1553 rooms
- 6384 rooms
- 9425 rooms
- 1,6476 rooms
- 7187 rooms
- 3008 rooms
- 2709+ rooms
- Rooms in renter-occupied apartments in Palm Springs Estates
- 6051 room
- 3022 rooms
- 4543 rooms
- 4524 rooms
- 5645 rooms
- 5456 rooms
- 2017 rooms
- 968 rooms
- 639+ rooms
Owner-occupied
Renter-occupied
- Bedrooms in owner-occupied houses and condos in Palm Springs Estates
- 386no bedroom
- 1,2601 bedroom
- 4302 bedrooms
- 2,4723 bedrooms
- 1,4054 bedrooms
- 2065+ bedrooms
- Bedrooms in renter-occupied apartments in Palm Springs Estates
- 605no bedroom
- 1161 bedroom
- 5242 bedrooms
- 6173 bedrooms
- 3184 bedrooms
- 965+ bedrooms
Average number of cars or other vehicles available in houses/condos:
Average number of cars or other vehicles available in apartments:
This neighborhood: | 2.0 |
Hialeah: | 1.9 |
Average number of cars or other vehicles available in apartments:
Here: | 2.5 |
city: | 1.5 |
Percentage of units with a mortgage:
Palm Springs Estates: | 49.4% |
Hialeah: | 53.4% |
Average estimated value of detached houses in 2022 (94.1% of all units):
Palm Springs Estates: | $409,885 |
Hialeah: | $443,712 |
- Year house built in Palm Springs Estates
- 02020 or later
- 02010 to 2019
- 2062000 to 2009
- 2131990 to 1999
- 7601980 to 1989
- 1,0141970 to 1979
- 4741960 to 1969
- 3,8921950 to 1959
- 1941940 to 1949
- 1411939 or earlier
City-data.com crime index for city in 2020 (higher means more crime):
City: | 133.5 |
U.S. average: | 219.5 |
Travel time to work (commute)
- 20Less than 5 minutes
- 4285 to 9 minutes
- 92510 to 14 minutes
- 47915 to 19 minutes
- 1,46020 to 24 minutes
- 63825 to 29 minutes
- 1,60530 to 34 minutes
- 37835 to 39 minutes
- 35340 to 44 minutes
- 1,02545 to 59 minutes
- 84560 to 89 minutes
- 21390 or more minutes
Means of transportation to work
- 74.9%7,895Drove a car alone
- 13.0%1,366Carpooled
- 5.7%604Bus
- 0.3%36Subway or elevated rail
- 1.5%158Walked
- 3.4%362Other means
- 8.0%839Worked at home
Time leaving home to go to work
- 69812:00 a.m. to 4:59 a.m.
- 4545:00 a.m. to 5:29 a.m.
- 1965:30 a.m. to 5:59 a.m.
- 9646:00 a.m. to 6:29 a.m.
- 2966:30 a.m. to 6:59 a.m.
- 1,7497:00 a.m. to 7:29 a.m.
- 5837:30 a.m. to 7:59 a.m.
- 1,6208:00 a.m. to 8:29 a.m.
- 1798:30 a.m. to 8:59 a.m.
- 2809:00 a.m. to 9:59 a.m.
- 15110:00 a.m. to 10:59 a.m.
- 8911:00 a.m. to 11:59 a.m.
- 32412:00 p.m. to 3:59 p.m.
- 5354:00 p.m. to 11:59 p.m.
Occupations of males:
- Percentage of males in management occupations (except farmers):
Here: 9.1% city: 6.0%
- Percentage of males in business and financial operations occupations:
Here: 1.5% city: 2.1%
- Percentage of males in computer and mathematical occupations:
Here: 1.6% city: 2.0%
- Percentage of males in architecture and engineering occupations:
Here: 4.0% city: 1.3%
- Percentage of males in education, training, and library occupations:
Here: 6.2% city: 1.5%
- Percentage of males in healthcare practitioners and technical occupations:
Here: 3.8% city: 3.1%
- Percentage of males in service occupations:
Here: 11.2% city: 12.3%
- Percentage of males in sales and office occupations:
Here: 15.3% city: 16.8%
- Percentage of males in construction, extraction, and maintenance occupations:
Here: 8.6% city: 15.9%
- Percentage of males in production occupations:
Here: 8.7% city: 8.1%
- Percentage of males in transportation occupations:
Here: 15.4% city: 14.9%
- Percentage of males in material moving occupations:
Here: 6.0% city: 5.8%
Occupations of females:
- Percentage of females in management occupations (except farmers):
Here: 13.1% city: 6.4%
- Percentage of females in business and financial operations occupations:
Here: 4.5% city: 4.0%
- Percentage of females in architecture and engineering occupations:
Here: 1.5% city: 0.3%
- Percentage of females in legal occupations:
Here: 2.2% city: 1.3%
- Percentage of females in education, training, and library occupations:
Here: 6.4% city: 6.6%
- Percentage of females in healthcare practitioners and technical occupations:
Here: 10.4% city: 8.1%
- Percentage of females in service occupations:
Here: 20.3% city: 26.6%
- Percentage of females in sales and office occupations:
Here: 32.5% city: 31.2%
- Percentage of females in production occupations:
Here: 3.7% city: 5.8%
- Percentage of females in transportation occupations:
Here: 4.7% city: 2.6%
Percentage of people 16-64 in Armed Forces:
Palm Springs Estates: | 0.2% |
Hialeah: | 0.1% |
Education in this neighborhood (subdivision or community):
- Percentage of people 3 years and older in K-12 schools:
Palm Springs Estates: 15.1% Hialeah: 13.1%
- Percentage of people 3 years and older in undergraduate colleges:
Palm Springs Estates: 8.0% Hialeah: 3.5%
- Percentage of people 3 years and older in grad. or professional schools:
Palm Springs Estates: 5.0% Hialeah: 1.2%
- Percentage of students K-12 enrolled in private schools:
Palm Springs Estates: 34.3% Hialeah: 19.7%
Percentage of population below poverty level:
Palm Springs Estates: | 12.1% |
Hialeah: | 17.1% |
Median year owner moved in (as recorded in 2022):
Palm Springs Estates: | 1997 |
Hialeah: | 2006 |
Percentage of married-couple families with both working:
Palm Springs Estates: | 108.9% |
Hialeah: | 73.9% |
- 80.2%Electricity
- 7.7%Utility gas
- 7.0%Bottled, tank, or LP gas
- 5.1%No fuel used
Highways in this neighborhood:
State Hwy 823 (N Red Rd)
Length: 0.82 miles
Direction: N-S
Address range: 6500 to 6599
Direction: N-S
Address range: 6500 to 6599
Roads and streets:
W 56th St
Length: 1.54 miles
Direction: E-W
Address range: 1 to 1135
Direction: E-W
Address range: 1 to 1135
W 53rd Ter
Length: 1.31 miles
Direction: E-W
Address range: 1 to 1148
Direction: E-W
Address range: 1 to 1148
W 64th St
Length: 1.24 miles
Directions: E-W, SE-NW
Address range: 1 to 5846
Directions: E-W, SE-NW
Address range: 1 to 5846
W 60th St (NW 114th St)
Length: 1.09 miles
Direction: E-W
Address range: 1 to 999
Direction: E-W
Address range: 1 to 999
W 8th Ave
Length: 1.02 miles
Direction: N-S
Address range: 5200 to 11399
Direction: N-S
Address range: 5200 to 11399
W 4th Ave
Length: 0.97 miles
Direction: N-S
Address range: 5300 to 11899
Direction: N-S
Address range: 5300 to 11899
W 65th St
Length: 0.88 miles
Direction: E-W
Address range: 2 to 1099
Direction: E-W
Address range: 2 to 1099
NW 110th St (W 56th Pl)
Length: 0.87 miles
Direction: E-W
Direction: E-W
W 53rd St
Length: 0.87 miles
Directions: E-W, SW-NE
Address range: 400 to 999
Directions: E-W, SW-NE
Address range: 400 to 999
Palm Ave
Length: 0.75 miles
Direction: N-S
Address range: 5300 to 6499
Direction: N-S
Address range: 5300 to 6499
W 2nd Ave
Length: 0.75 miles
Directions: E-W, N-S, SE-NW
Address range: 5300 to 6499
Directions: E-W, N-S, SE-NW
Address range: 5300 to 6499
E 2nd Ave
Length: 0.75 miles
Directions: N-S, SE-NW
Address range: 5300 to 6499
Directions: N-S, SE-NW
Address range: 5300 to 6499
E 3rd Ave
Length: 0.75 miles
Direction: N-S
Address range: 5300 to 6499
Direction: N-S
Address range: 5300 to 6499
W 55th Pl
Length: 0.74 miles
Directions: E-W, SE-NW
Address range: 220 to 1149
Directions: E-W, SE-NW
Address range: 220 to 1149
W 10th Ave
Length: 0.72 miles
Direction: N-S
Address range: 5300 to 6399
Direction: N-S
Address range: 5300 to 6399
E 4th Ave
Length: 0.71 miles
Direction: N-S
Address range: 5300 to 6399
Direction: N-S
Address range: 5300 to 6399
W 5th Ln
Length: 0.62 miles
Directions: E-W, N-S, SW-NE
Address range: 5348 to 11899
Directions: E-W, N-S, SW-NE
Address range: 5348 to 11899
W 66th St
Length: 0.62 miles
Direction: E-W
Address range: 400 to 1099
Direction: E-W
Address range: 400 to 1099
W 63rd St
Length: 0.59 miles
Directions: E-W, SE-NW
Address range: 1 to 599
Directions: E-W, SE-NW
Address range: 1 to 599
E 63rd St
Length: 0.59 miles
Direction: E-W
Address range: 1 to 399
Direction: E-W
Address range: 1 to 399
E 62nd St
Length: 0.59 miles
Direction: E-W
Address range: 1 to 399
Direction: E-W
Address range: 1 to 399
E 60th St
Length: 0.58 miles
Direction: E-W
Address range: 1 to 399
Direction: E-W
Address range: 1 to 399
E 61st St
Length: 0.58 miles
Direction: E-W
Address range: 1 to 399
Direction: E-W
Address range: 1 to 399
E 56th St
Length: 0.58 miles
Direction: E-W
Address range: 1 to 399
Direction: E-W
Address range: 1 to 399
E 58th St
Length: 0.58 miles
Direction: E-W
Address range: 1 to 399
Direction: E-W
Address range: 1 to 399
E 59th St
Length: 0.58 miles
Direction: E-W
Address range: 1 to 399
Direction: E-W
Address range: 1 to 399
NW 113th Ter
Length: 0.58 miles
Direction: E-W
Address range: 5700 to 6339
Direction: E-W
Address range: 5700 to 6339
E 57th St
Length: 0.58 miles
Direction: E-W
Address range: 1 to 399
Direction: E-W
Address range: 1 to 399
E 55th St
Length: 0.58 miles
Direction: E-W
Address range: 1 to 399
Direction: E-W
Address range: 1 to 399
W 2nd Ct
Length: 0.57 miles
Directions: E-W, N-S, SE-NW
Address range: 5300 to 6647
Directions: E-W, N-S, SE-NW
Address range: 5300 to 6647
E 1st Ave
Length: 0.56 miles
Direction: N-S
Address range: 5600 to 6399
Direction: N-S
Address range: 5600 to 6399
NW 110th Ter
Length: 0.55 miles
Direction: E-W
Address range: 5700 to 6337
Direction: E-W
Address range: 5700 to 6337
W 68th St (NW 122nd St)
Length: 0.54 miles
Direction: E-W
Address range: 600 to 698
Direction: E-W
Address range: 600 to 698
W 64th Ter
Length: 0.53 miles
Direction: E-W
Address range: 1 to 399
Direction: E-W
Address range: 1 to 399
W 62nd St
Length: 0.53 miles
Direction: E-W
Address range: 1 to 399
Direction: E-W
Address range: 1 to 399
W 57th St
Length: 0.52 miles
Direction: E-W
Address range: 1 to 399
Direction: E-W
Address range: 1 to 399
E 54th St
Length: 0.52 miles
Direction: E-W
Address range: 1 to 399
Direction: E-W
Address range: 1 to 399
W 6th Ave
Length: 0.52 miles
Directions: N-S, SE-NW, SW-NE
Address range: 5350 to 6799
Directions: N-S, SE-NW, SW-NE
Address range: 5350 to 6799
W 58th St
Length: 0.51 miles
Direction: E-W
Address range: 1 to 899
Direction: E-W
Address range: 1 to 899
E 65th St
Length: 0.45 miles
Direction: E-W
Direction: E-W
Gratigny Dr (W 65th Dr)
Length: 0.44 miles
Directions: E-W, SE-NW
Address range: 400 to 798
Directions: E-W, SE-NW
Address range: 400 to 798
W 64th Dr
Length: 0.43 miles
Directions: E-W, SE-NW
Address range: 500 to 799
Directions: E-W, SE-NW
Address range: 500 to 799
E 64th St
Length: 0.43 miles
Direction: E-W
Address range: 1 to 399
Direction: E-W
Address range: 1 to 399
W 61st St
Length: 0.43 miles
Direction: E-W
Address range: 1 to 399
Direction: E-W
Address range: 1 to 399
W 59th St
Length: 0.43 miles
Direction: E-W
Address range: 1 to 373
Direction: E-W
Address range: 1 to 373
W 9th Ave
Length: 0.41 miles
Direction: N-S
Address range: 5300 to 6699
Direction: N-S
Address range: 5300 to 6699
W 55th St
Length: 0.40 miles
Direction: E-W
Address range: 1 to 399
Direction: E-W
Address range: 1 to 399
W 1st Ave
Length: 0.40 miles
Direction: N-S
Address range: 5317 to 6499
Direction: N-S
Address range: 5317 to 6499
W 67th St
Length: 0.39 miles
Direction: E-W
Address range: 800 to 1099
Direction: E-W
Address range: 800 to 1099
W 9th Ct
Length: 0.39 miles
Directions: N-S, SW-NE
Address range: 5300 to 5999
Directions: N-S, SW-NE
Address range: 5300 to 5999
W 9th Ln
Length: 0.38 miles
Direction: N-S
Address range: 5300 to 5999
Direction: N-S
Address range: 5300 to 5999
W 54th St
Length: 0.37 miles
Direction: E-W
Address range: 200 to 899
Direction: E-W
Address range: 200 to 899
NW 112th Ter
Length: 0.36 miles
Direction: E-W
Address range: 5700 to 6335
Direction: E-W
Address range: 5700 to 6335
W 58th Ter
Length: 0.36 miles
Direction: E-W
Address range: 1 to 399
Direction: E-W
Address range: 1 to 399
NW 58th Ave
Length: 0.34 miles
Directions: E-W, N-S, SW-NE
Address range: 11000 to 11699
Directions: E-W, N-S, SW-NE
Address range: 11000 to 11699
W 63rd Dr
Length: 0.34 miles
Directions: E-W, SE-NW
Address range: 600 to 799
Directions: E-W, SE-NW
Address range: 600 to 799
W 8th Ct
Length: 0.32 miles
Direction: N-S
Address range: 5400 to 11399
Direction: N-S
Address range: 5400 to 11399
W 11th Ave
Length: 0.32 miles
Direction: N-S
Address range: 5300 to 6718
Direction: N-S
Address range: 5300 to 6718
NW 114th St
Length: 0.32 miles
Direction: E-W
Address range: 5700 to 6049
Direction: E-W
Address range: 5700 to 6049
NW 111th Ter
Length: 0.31 miles
Direction: E-W
Address range: 5700 to 6337
Direction: E-W
Address range: 5700 to 6337
W 6th Ct
Length: 0.31 miles
Directions: N-S, SW-NE
Address range: 5300 to 6799
Directions: N-S, SW-NE
Address range: 5300 to 6799
E 53rd St
Length: 0.28 miles
Directions: E-W, SE-NW
Address range: 200 to 399
Directions: E-W, SE-NW
Address range: 200 to 399
W 8th Ln
Length: 0.27 miles
Direction: N-S
Address range: 5400 to 6599
Direction: N-S
Address range: 5400 to 6599
E 53rd Ter
Length: 0.26 miles
Direction: E-W
Address range: 1 to 199
Direction: E-W
Address range: 1 to 199
NW 59th Ct
Length: 0.25 miles
Direction: N-S
Address range: 11000 to 11399
Direction: N-S
Address range: 11000 to 11399
W 3rd Ct
Length: 0.25 miles
Directions: N-S, SE-NW
Address range: 5700 to 6599
Directions: N-S, SE-NW
Address range: 5700 to 6599
W 3rd Ave
Length: 0.25 miles
Directions: N-S, SE-NW
Address range: 5700 to 6599
Directions: N-S, SE-NW
Address range: 5700 to 6599
W 11th Ct
Length: 0.24 miles
Direction: N-S
Address range: 6400 to 6799
Direction: N-S
Address range: 6400 to 6799
W 64th Pl
Length: 0.23 miles
Direction: E-W
Address range: 900 to 1099
Direction: E-W
Address range: 900 to 1099
NW 58th Pl
Length: 0.22 miles
Directions: N-S, SW-NE
Address range: 11100 to 11399
Directions: N-S, SW-NE
Address range: 11100 to 11399
NW 115th St
Length: 0.21 miles
Direction: E-W
Address range: 5700 to 5869
Direction: E-W
Address range: 5700 to 5869
W 5th Pl
Length: 0.21 miles
Direction: N-S
Address range: 6500 to 6799
Direction: N-S
Address range: 6500 to 6799
W 1st Ct
Length: 0.20 miles
Direction: N-S
Address range: 5324 to 6499
Direction: N-S
Address range: 5324 to 6499
NW 59th Ave
Length: 0.20 miles
Direction: N-S
Address range: 11034 to 11399
Direction: N-S
Address range: 11034 to 11399
NW 62nd Ct
Length: 0.20 miles
Direction: N-S
Address range: 11000 to 11347
Direction: N-S
Address range: 11000 to 11347
NW 118th St
Length: 0.20 miles
Direction: E-W
Address range: 401 to 5856
Direction: E-W
Address range: 401 to 5856
W 5th Ave
Length: 0.17 miles
Direction: N-S
Address range: 5300 to 5569
Direction: N-S
Address range: 5300 to 5569
W 4th Ln
Length: 0.16 miles
Direction: N-S
Address range: 5300 to 5531
Direction: N-S
Address range: 5300 to 5531
NW 59th Pl
Length: 0.15 miles
Direction: N-S
Address range: 11039 to 11349
Direction: N-S
Address range: 11039 to 11349
NW 60th Ct
Length: 0.15 miles
Direction: N-S
Address range: 11035 to 11349
Direction: N-S
Address range: 11035 to 11349
NW 61st Ave
Length: 0.15 miles
Direction: N-S
Address range: 11036 to 11348
Direction: N-S
Address range: 11036 to 11348
W 11th Ln
Length: 0.15 miles
Direction: N-S
Address range: 6400 to 6607
Direction: N-S
Address range: 6400 to 6607
NW 57th Ct
Length: 0.14 miles
Direction: N-S
Address range: 11500 to 11698
Direction: N-S
Address range: 11500 to 11698
W 4th Ct
Length: 0.13 miles
Direction: N-S
Address range: 5300 to 5569
Direction: N-S
Address range: 5300 to 5569
W 7th Ave
Length: 0.13 miles
Direction: N-S
Address range: 5348 to 5569
Direction: N-S
Address range: 5348 to 5569
W 10th Ln
Length: 0.13 miles
Direction: N-S
Address range: 5350 to 5549
Direction: N-S
Address range: 5350 to 5549
W 7th Ct
Length: 0.12 miles
Direction: N-S
Address range: 5349 to 5569
Direction: N-S
Address range: 5349 to 5569
W 10th Ct
Length: 0.12 miles
Direction: N-S
Address range: 5348 to 5549
Direction: N-S
Address range: 5348 to 5549
W 6th Ln
Length: 0.12 miles
Direction: N-S
Address range: 5352 to 5569
Direction: N-S
Address range: 5352 to 5569
W 4th Pl
Length: 0.11 miles
Direction: N-S
Address range: 11900 to 11999
Direction: N-S
Address range: 11900 to 11999
W 65th Ter
Length: 0.11 miles
Direction: E-W
Address range: 400 to 599
Direction: E-W
Address range: 400 to 599
W 6th Rd
Length: 0.10 miles
Direction: SW-NE
Address range: 11850 to 11949
Direction: SW-NE
Address range: 11850 to 11949
53rd St
Length: 0.08 miles
Direction: E-W
Direction: E-W
W 3rd Ln
Length: 0.06 miles
Direction: N-S
Address range: 5834 to 5999
Direction: N-S
Address range: 5834 to 5999
NW 110th Ter (NW 110th Dr)
Length: 0.05 miles
Direction: E-W
Address range: 5800 to 5899
Direction: E-W
Address range: 5800 to 5899
2nd Ct
Length: 0.05 miles
Direction: SW-NE
Address range: 6530 to 6576
Direction: SW-NE
Address range: 6530 to 6576
W Palm Ct
Length: 0.04 miles
Direction: N-S
Address range: 6450 to 6499
Direction: N-S
Address range: 6450 to 6499
NW 119th St
Length: 0.04 miles
Direction: E-W
Address range: 1602 to 1604
Direction: E-W
Address range: 1602 to 1604
W 3rd Pl
Length: 0.04 miles
Direction: N-S
Address range: 6450 to 6499
Direction: N-S
Address range: 6450 to 6499
Other features:
Little River Cnl
Length: 0.51 miles
Direction: E-W
Direction: E-W
Red Road Cnl
Length: 0.05 miles
Direction: N-S
Direction: N-S